When replacing a failed disk you have to create partitions on the new one. Or simple copy them from the old one.

Clean and prepare new disk:

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dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc bs=1024 count=1024
parted --script /dev/sdc mklabel msdos

Create Partitions overviews from old disk:

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sfdisk -d /dev/sda > partitions-sda.txt

Now read in the crated partition table:

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sfdisk /dev/sdc < partitions-sda.txt

Legend:
old broken disk: /dev/sda
new working one: /dev/sdc